全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2994篇 |
免费 | 480篇 |
国内免费 | 337篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 1290篇 |
晶体学 | 58篇 |
力学 | 404篇 |
综合类 | 26篇 |
数学 | 213篇 |
物理学 | 1820篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 3篇 |
2023年 | 30篇 |
2022年 | 57篇 |
2021年 | 58篇 |
2020年 | 77篇 |
2019年 | 69篇 |
2018年 | 65篇 |
2017年 | 88篇 |
2016年 | 149篇 |
2015年 | 137篇 |
2014年 | 153篇 |
2013年 | 243篇 |
2012年 | 181篇 |
2011年 | 225篇 |
2010年 | 161篇 |
2009年 | 225篇 |
2008年 | 211篇 |
2007年 | 220篇 |
2006年 | 218篇 |
2005年 | 145篇 |
2004年 | 153篇 |
2003年 | 126篇 |
2002年 | 108篇 |
2001年 | 91篇 |
2000年 | 102篇 |
1999年 | 82篇 |
1998年 | 82篇 |
1997年 | 54篇 |
1996年 | 43篇 |
1995年 | 48篇 |
1994年 | 34篇 |
1993年 | 26篇 |
1992年 | 31篇 |
1991年 | 17篇 |
1990年 | 17篇 |
1989年 | 13篇 |
1988年 | 11篇 |
1987年 | 7篇 |
1986年 | 7篇 |
1985年 | 12篇 |
1984年 | 9篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 8篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1957年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有3811条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
21.
22.
P. C. Chen 《中国化学会会志》1995,42(5):755-760
Three ab initio calculations (HF/6-3IG, HF/6-3IG*, and HF/6-3IG**) on 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene were made, The results compare well with xray data, except dihedral angles of NO2 relative to the plane of the benzene ring. The deviations are attributed to packing forces and steric effects in the crystal. The most stable structure was a torsional angle 10° of the methyl top with the benzene ring, unlike toluene. The rotational barriers of the methyl top and the 4-nitro group are small. Hydrogen bonding, dipole moments and total atomic charges arc calculated. 相似文献
23.
24.
激光标线的原理和实验 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
根据几何光学知识分析了激光标线原理.理论和实验表明:激光标线长度与激光光束形状、光学元件形状及材料折射率有关.并讨论了激光标线向两侧扩展的原因. 相似文献
25.
X-ray reflectivity (XRR), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) techniques are used to the monitoring of Cu/porous low κ processes, which are developed for the next generation (≤65 nm) integrated circuits. Sensitivity of XRR and XRF is sufficient to detect drifts of the copper barrier layer, copper seed layer and Cu CMP (chemical-mechanical polishing) processes. Their metrology key parameters comply with production requirements. SAXS allows determining the pore structure of low κ films: average pore size and pore size distribution. 相似文献
26.
27.
Chen-Cheng Sun Shih-Chin Lee Yaw-Shyan Fu Yu-Hwe Lee 《Applied Surface Science》2006,252(23):8295-8300
CrNx thin films have attracted much attention for semiconductor IC packaging molding dies and forming tools due to their excellent hardness, thermal stability and non-sticking properties (low surface free energy). However, few data has been published on the surface free energy (SFE) of CrNx films at temperatures in the range 20-170 °C. In this study CrNx thin films with CrN, Cr(N), Cr2N (and mixture of these phases) were prepared using closed field unbalanced magnetron sputtering at a wide range of Cr+2 emission intensity. The contact angles of water, di-iodomethane and ethylene glycol on the coated surfaces were measured at temperatures in the range 20-170 °C using a Dataphysics OCA-20 contact angle analyzer. The surface free energy of the CrNx films and their components (e.g., dispersion, polar) were calculated using the Owens-Wendt geometric mean approach. The influences of CrNx film surface roughness and microstructure on the surface free energy were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The experimental results showed that the lowest total SFE was obtained corresponding to CrN at temperature in 20 °C. This is lower than that of Cr(N), Cr2N (and mixture of these phases). The total SFE, dispersive SFE and polar SFE of CrNx films decreased with increasing surface temperature. The film roughness has an obvious effect on the SFE and there is tendency for the SFE to increase with increasing film surface roughness. 相似文献
28.
Starting from the vectorial Rayleigh diffraction integral formula and without using the far-field approximation, a solution of the wave equation beyond the paraxial approximation is found, which represents vectorial non-paraxial elliptical Gaussian beams in free space. The far-field expressions for non-paraxial Gaussian beams and elliptical Gaussian beams can be regarded as special cases treated in this paper. Some basic propagation properties of vectorial non-paraxial elliptical Gaussian beams, including the irradiance distribution, phase term, beam widths and divergence angles are studied. Numerical results are given and illustrated. 相似文献
29.
随着光通信技术的不断发展,光纤的应用越来越广泛,而锥形光纤以其独特的传光方式越来越多地应用于光纤连接、成像及测量等领域。实验测定了不同锥角和不同长度锥形光纤的偏振特性。理论上,根据麦克斯韦方程组以及边界条件给出了光在理想光纤中的场分布,阐明了实际光纤中光的传输特性。论证了锥形光纤长度与其偏振特性的关系,进而利用几何光学方法对锥形光纤锥角与其偏振特性的关系作了定性说明。并用具体数据进行了定量计算,得出偏振光经锥形光纤传输或耦合后再传输到其终端所得到均是椭圆偏振光的结论。 相似文献
30.